• Wire Worm 
      Wire Worm Wire Worm

      Japanese Beetle 
      Japanese Beetle Japanese Beetle

      European Chafer Larvae 
      European Chafer Larvae Typical grub

      Dollar Spot 
      Dollar Spot Dollar spot from a distance looks like a collection of silver dollar size, tannish brown to whitish spots. Turf will appear to be speckled or molted. Up close it will have hourglass lesions on leaves bleached in the center with tan to red-brown margins. Ideal conditons for dollar spot are warm days (60-90 F) and cool nights (above 50 F). the turf will have a prolonged leaf wetness from dew, high humidity or late night irrigation watering.

      Army Worm 
      Army Worm Army Worm

      Bluegrass Billbug 
      Bluegrass Billbug Billbug

      Chinch Bug 
      Chinch Bug Chinch bug

      Cut Worm 
      Cut Worm Cutworms

      Fairy Ring 
      Fairy Ring Fairy rings from a distance appear to have large circles or arches that can be 1-30 feet in diameter. The outer band will be dark green and lush turf. Up close the appearance is white fungal strands in the soil and thatch behind the actively growing ring. The ideal conditions are cool tempertaures between 45-60 F.

      Leaf Spot 
      Leaf Spot Leaf Spot up close appears to have oblong dark spots with tan centers that are surrounded by a yellow, brown, or reddish brown margin on the leaves. lesions appear as spots or blotches near the leaf tip and vary in color from grayish green to purple. The turf from a distance appears yellow and thin with irregular patches of tan to reddish brown turf. This usually occurs in wet moist enviroments with cool to warm weather.

      Necrotic Ring Spot 
      Necrotic Ring Spot Necrotic ring spot appears to be light green to yellow patches 3-24 inches across or rings with green, healthy turf or weeds recolonizing infection centers. Necrotic ring spot up close looks light tan and matted patches with blackened roots which can be easily removed from the soil. Ideal conditions are cool to warm wet weather on turf that is appx. 2-4 years old. Stress and compaction along with drought and high temperatures(+80 F) enhance symptom expression.

      Barnyard 
      Barnyard Barnyardgrass is a summer annual which has tillers which lie flat and form secondary roots resulting in a mat formation. Barnyardgrass spreads by seed which germinate in late spring and early summer. The seedhead is a coarsely branched green to purplish panicle with spiked awns.

      Bermuda 
      Bermuda Bermudagrass is creeping perennial warm-season turfgrass, grown as a fine turf throughout the transition zone and in the South. The leaves of bermudagrass are folded in the bud. The leaf is short, approximately 1/8 inch wide with rough edges. Bermudagrass is found on open sunny areas and does not grow in the shade. Bermudagrass is very tolerant of low mowing, and can be found on both dry and wet soils.

      Black Medic 
      Black Medic Black medic is normally a summer annual, but can act as a perennial in some conditions . It has a tap root, and spreads low to the ground. The leaf is similar to clover having three leaflets. The flower of black medic is a compressed cluster of bright yellow flowers in the shape of a globular spike on short branches. The seed pod will turn black at maturity. Black medic is found throughout the continental United States

      Bristly Mallow 
      Bristly Mallow Bristly mallow is a creeping perennial with shiny, light green leaves which alternate on the stem. Bristly mallow has a deep strong tap root. The flower of bristly mallow is an orange-red in color and appears in late spring to early summer. The flower is cup shaped and is located in the junction of the stem and leaf. Bristly mallow is found in the lower Piedmont and coastal plain region of the Southeast, from Virginia to Florida.

      Broadleaf Plantain 
      Broadleaf Plantain Broadleaf plantain is a shallow mostly fibrous rooted perennial. Broadleaf plantain is similar to other plantain species, but does not have the purple color at the petiole of the leaves. The seed head is described as a rat-tail like seed head with flowers along the upper half of the seed head. Broadleaf plantain is found throughout all of the United States.

      Buckhorn 
      Buckhorn Buckhorn plantain is a slender fibrous rooted perennial. The leaves are long slender leafs approximately one inch across. The seed heads are cylindrical spikes found at the tip of erect, leafless stalks. The stalks can be hard to cut with mowers. Buckhorn is found throughout the entire continental United States.

      Canadian Thistle 
      Canadian Thistle Canada thistle has grooved, slender stems branch only at the top and are slightly hairy when young, becoming covered with hair as the plant grows. The oblong, tapering, sessile leaves are deeply divided, with prickly margins. Numerous small, compact, rose-purple or white flowers appear on upper stems from June to September. Seeds are small, light brown, smooth and slightly tapered, with a tuft of tan hair loosely attached to the tip.

      Carpet Weed 
      Carpet Weed Carpetweed is a summer annual with smooth prostrate branching stems forming circular mats. The leaves are light green in color. The leaves form in whorls containing 3 - 8 leaves. The flowers are white, contain five petals, and form clusters of two to five flowers. Carpetweed is found throughout most the North America.

      Chick Weed / Mouse Ear 
      Chick Weed / Mouse Ear Mouseear chickweed is a winter perennial. The leaves are opposite, oblong and covered with hair. The flowers of mouseear chickweed are white and contain 5 petals which are notched at the tip. Mouseear chickweed spreads by seed, but can root at the nodes. Mouseear chickweed is found throughout United States into southern Canada.

      White Clover 
      White Clover White clover, found throughout the United States, is a shallow rooted winter perennial. The white clover plant has compound leaves divided into three leaflets which are all joined at a central point and originate at the nodes along the stems. Leaves may contain a white 'watermark'. White clover is adapted to many soils but tends to grow best in soils that are moist and low in nitrogen. They are white in color, although some have a slight pink tint. White clover flowers from May through September.

      Crabgrass 
      Crabgrass Crabgrass is a summer annual that germinates when soil temperatures reach a consistent 55 degrees F and is generally killed at the first frost. Crabgrass is light green in color, coarse bladed and will root at the nodes when they touch the ground. A single crabgrass plant can produce up to 700 tillers. A crabgrass plant can produce 150,000 seeds. Crabgrass needs warm soils and sunlight to germinate. Crabgrass is found throughout the United States.

      Speedwell 
      Speedwell Corn Speedwell is a winter annual that germinates in mid-fall. The lower leaves are near round with toothed margins. The upper leaves are more pointed. The plant is covered with fine hairs. Corn Speedwell flowers are small and white to blue in color. The flowers are found in the leaf axis and the seed develops into a distinctive heart shape. Corn Speedwell is distributed throughout the United States.

      Creeping Woodsorrel 
      Creeping Woodsorrel Creeping Woodsorrel is similar to yellow woodsorrel, but is a creeping summer perennial. The leaves of Creeping Woodsorrel are deeply lobed, heart shaped, and may be green to reddish purple. The flowers are yellow, contain 5 petals, and form in clusters of 1 - 5 at the end of slender stems. Creeping Woodsorrel spreads by seeds. Creeping Woodsorrel is found in eastern North America, to North Dakota and Colorado.

      Dandelion 
      Dandelion Dandelion is a winter perennial. The dandelion has thick fleshy tap root which often branches. Both the leaves and flower stems contain a white milky fluid. The flowers are yellow and are individual stems. The yellow flower will turn to a white globular puff ball. The seeds are disseminated by wind. Dandelions spread by both seed and stems from the root. Dandelion is found throughout the United States.

      Yellow Fox Tail 
      Yellow Fox Tail Yellow foxtail is a summer annual which germinates when soil temperatures reach 65 degrees F. The leaves are rolled in the bud. The blades of yellow foxtail contain hairs near the ligule. The growth habit of yellow foxtail is erect. The seedhead is a bushy, erect spike which resembles the tail of a fox. Foxtail is found throughout the United States, but is most heavy in the Midwest and East.

      Wild Garlic 
      Wild Garlic Wild onion and wild garlic are both winter perennials. The leaves are waxy, upright and needle shaped growing 8-12 inches long. The white to light green flowers of wild garlic develop on short stems above aerial bulbs. Wild onion does not have a stem; white to pink flowers with six eliptical segments. Both wild onion and wild garlic spread by bulbs, seed and bulblets. Both wild onion and wild garlic are distributed throughout the United States.

      Goose Grass 
      Goose Grass Goosegrass is a summer annual. Goosegrass grows in a clump with the base of the leaves being distinctively white to silver in color. The seeds are attached in a zipper appearance on the spike. Goosegrass spreads by seeds that germinate later in the season than other annual grasses. Goosegrass is found in the United States from the transition zone south.

      Ground Ivy 
      Ground Ivy Ground ivy is a creeping winter perennial. The leaves are round to kidney shaped with round toothed edges. It is usually found in moist shaded areas, but also tolerate sun very well. Ground ivy will form dense mats which can take over areas of turfgrass.The flowers of ground ivy are blue to lavender and grow in clusters. Ground ivy is more common in the East, but can be found throughout the United States.

      Hawkweed 
      Hawkweed There are two hawkweeds, a yellow and an orange. Hawkweeds are winter perennials. The leaves, stems and flower stalks are covered with hair. The leaves are oblong and club shaped. Hawkweed flowers resemble dandelions, but are smaller and appear several weeks after dandelions. The flowers form in clusters. Hawkweeds are found throughout the eastern United States.

      Henbit 
      Henbit Henbitis an upright winter annual that blooms in the spring. The leaves are rounded on the end with rounded toothed edges that grow opposite one another on square stems Upper leaves lack petioles. Henbit can be confused with purple deadnettle. The flowers of henbit are purple, tubular shaped and form in the whorls of the upper leaves. Henbit spreads only by seed and is generally not a problem in dense, vigorous turfgrass sites. Henbit is found throughout the United States.

      Thistle 
      Thistle Yellow thistle is a winter annual The mature leaves contain large toothed and cut lobes. The mature leaves are very spiny. The flowers are produced in the late spring and seeds are produced over the summer.   Yellow thistle is found along the East Coast form Maine to Florida. It can be found along marshy areas west to Texas.

      Prostate Knotweed 
      Prostate Knotweed Prostrate Knotweed is a summer annual, which forms dense patches. Prostrate knotweed is a prostrate weed that produces a thin tap root and multiple branched stems. Prostrateknotweed tolerates extremely compacted soils and is often found in high traffic areas. The stems will be knotty and have a paper like sheath. The flowers of knotweed are small pink to white and form in clusters in the leaf axis. Prostrate knotweed is found throughout North America.

      Wild Onion 
      Wild Onion Wild onion and wild garlic are both winter perennials. The leaves are waxy, upright and needle shaped growing 8-12 inches long. The white to light green flowers of wild garlic develop on short stems above aerial bulbs. Wild onion does not have a stem; white to pink flowers with six eliptical segments. Both wild onion and wild garlic spread by bulbs, seed and bulblets. Both wild onion and wild garlic are distributed throughout the United States.

      Pennywart 
      Pennywart Pennywort is a summer perennial weed. The leaves of pennywort are round in shape, approximately 1 inch in diameter. The pennywort flower is small with 5 white petals and forms in clusters on the end of long stems. Pennywort is found along the Atlantic coast from Maine to Florida and westward to Minnesota, Texas, Utah, Arizona and California.

      Poison Ivy 
      Poison Ivy Poison ivy can be an erect woody shrub or a climbing vine. The leaves alternate on red stems. They are glossy and have 3 leaflets 2 - 3 inches long that can be smooth or toothed; leaves turn red in the autumn. The yellowish flowers of poison ivy form in clusters in the axis. The flowers have five green petals and are usually inconspicuous. Poison ivy forms a small creamy white berry in the fall containing a single seed. Berries generally remain attached to the stem through the winter. Poison ivy is found throughout the midwestern, northern and eastern United States.

      Quackgrass 
      Quackgrass Quackgrass is a blue-green perennial. The leaves are rolled in the bud, and the upper surface of the leaf blade is rough. Quackgrass remains green year round. Quackgrass is found throughout the Northern United States. 

      Purslane 
      Purslane Purslane is a summer annual with prostrate growth from a tap root and fibrous surface roots. The leaves are thick and waxy, resembling a Jade plant. The flower is yellow in color and has 5 petals. Purslane is found through out the United States, but less in the Pacific Northwest.

      Poison Oak 
      Poison Oak Poison oak is identified by 1 ½ to 3 inch long leaflets with two to seven deep lobes resembling oak leaves. Lateral leaflets appear without stalks on viny stems about 3 to 4 feet tall. Like poison ivy, leaflets are grouped three per leaf, and flowers are yellowish. Poison oak is found throughout the southeast and along the Pacific coast in the United States.

      Red Sorrel 
      Red Sorrel Red sorrel, also referred to as sheep sorrel, is a summer perennial. The leaves alternate and form a basal rosette. The margins of the leaf are smooth. The leaves become thick and fleshy over the summer months. Flowers are produced from May to September. The male flowers are yellow-green and the female flowers are reddish-brown. Red sorrel is found throughout the United States.

      Spurge 
      Spurge Spotted spurge is a summer annual. Spotted spurge has a more erect growth habit than prostrate spurge. They have similar leaves, which are small and oblong shaped with an irregular red to purple spot, but the leaf of spotted spurge is slightly larger than that of prostrate spurge. The flower of spotted spurge is small and green in color. It germinates in mid spring and flowers from June to September. Both spurges are found throughout the United States.

      Wild Strawberry 
      Wild Strawberry Wild strawberry is a low trailing winter perennial, spreading by stolons. The leaves of wild strawberry are similar to cultivated strawberries. The leaves are trifoliolate on long hairy petioles. The leaves have toothed margins. The flowers which are produced from April to June are white with yellow stamens and pistils, and contain five petals. The fruit is a red strawberry with many small seeds in pits on the surface. Wild strawberries are found throughout most of the United States and Canada.

      Violets 
      Violets Wild violet is a winter perennial, growing 2 - 5 inches tall. The leaves can vary but usually are heart shaped, on long petioles with scalloped to shallow rounded margins. The flowers of wild violet range from white to blue to purple and appear from March to June. Wild violet flowers are pansy-like with three lower petals and two lateral petals on long single flower stalks. Wild violets are found throughout the United States, except for the Rocky Mountains. Wild violets are more common where they are sold as ornamental ground covers.

      Nutsedge 
      Nutsedge Sedges have triangular stems with waxy grass-like leaves which alternate. Sedges are not grass plants, but seedlings may be mistaken for grass. The leaves on both sedges are waxy and have an up right growth habit and a prominent midrib. The flowers of yellow nutsedge are yellowish; the seedhead color of purple nutsedge is red-purple to brown. Both seedheads are on triangular stems. Both spread mainly by germinating underground tubers, which are the only part of the plant that over-winters. Sedges do well where soil has poor drainage. Yellow nutsedge is found throughout the United States; purple nutsedge is primarily found in the warm humid southern states

      Powdery Mildew 
      Powdery Mildew Powdery Mildew is a disease with large, irregular patches of turf that appear to be dusted with white powder. When you look very close to the leaf surface it will appear to be white to light gray powdery fungal strands. Infected leaves turn from yellow to tan then brown. The ideal conditions for powdery mildew is cool(55-72 F), cloudy, humid weather with severe shade and no air circulation

      Red Thread 
      Red Thread Red Thread from a distance looks like circular or irregular patches red to tan in color and about 1.5"-20" in diameter. Infected leaves will look scorched starting from the tip down. On cool, wet days, "red threads" protrude from leaf tips. The fungus is aggressive and can take over the leaf within two days of infection. Favorable conditions are cool and wet and is transferred very easily. It is often found right next to pink patch.

      Rust 
      Rust Rust thins and weakens the turf while covering it with an orange-red dust. UP close the turf will have yellow, orange, red, or brown pustules that elongate parallel to the leaf vein of stems. The powder that exists form rust will discolor your shoes and clothing. Rust usually occurs during warm nights with wet leaves and low light intensity. The most severe cases are mid to late summer when turf is not actively growing or under stress.

      Snow Mold 
      Snow Mold Prolonged periods of deep snow cover favor this disease. It appears to be orange-brown to bleached to light gray circular patches 2-10 inches in diameter. Wet turf has water soaked spots with a pink outer margin. Dry turf has bleached spots and matted turf. the best conditions for snow mold are cool wet weather where there has been snow or frozen ground from late fall to late spring.

      Spring / Fall Leaf Spot 
      Spring / Fall Leaf Spot Turf appears to be thin and yellow with irregular patches of tan to reddish brown turf resembling a dull mower. Leaves have oblong dark spots with tan centers that are surrounded by a yellow, brown, or reddish brown margin. Dieback is usually from the tip downward. Ideal conditions are cool/warm, wet weather. This is easily transferred to new locations.

      Summer Patch 
      Summer Patch Summer Patch is yellow to straw colored circular patches about 2-20 inches in diameter. It is slow growing, thin or wilted turf. Up close it appears to be grayish green to yellow. As you get near the roots the turf turns darken with brownish black roots. Ideal during hot days that go into the night with rainy conditions. Infection is easily confused but occurs in late spring but symptoms do not occur until summer and is easily spread throughout the yard.

      Sod Web Worm 
      Sod Web Worm Sod Web Worm